What are drugs causing gingival hyperplasia?

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a side effect associated principally with 3 types of drugs: anticonvulsant (phenytoin), immunosuppressant (cyclosporine A

cyclosporine A

Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is a calcineurin inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressant medication. It is a natural product. It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, nephrotic syndrome, and in organ transplants to prevent rejection.

› wiki › Ciclosporin

), and various calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem).

Which drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?

Etiology

• Drugs are the most common reason behind gingival enlargements. ...
• Phenytoin (PHT, or 5,5-diphenylhydantoin), sodium valproate, phenobarbitone, vigabatrin, primidone, mephenytoin, and ethosuximide are some of the drugs that cause gingival hypertrophy.

Which hypertensive drug causes gingival hyperplasia?

Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, used as antihypertensive drug has been found associated with gingival hyperplasia.

What can cause gingival hyperplasia?

Gingival hyperplasia can occur as a direct result of inflammation. The inflammation is often caused by plaque buildup on the teeth from food, bacteria, and poor hygiene practices. The inflammation can make the gums tender and red, and it can trigger bleeding.

What is drug influenced gingival enlargement?

drug-influenced gingival enlargement (diGe) manifests as an abnormal growth of the gingiva due to the administration of specific drugs, namely phenytoin, ciclosporin and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Gingival changes can appear within 3 months of drug administration4.

Medication Induced Gingival Hyperplasia

Can certain medications cause gingivitis?

One class of drugs known to cause gingival hyperplasia is calcium channel blockers. These drugs treat migraine headaches, regulate mood, and relieve panic attacks. Other drugs that can cause gingival hyperplasia are: amlodipine (Norvasc)

Do ACE inhibitors cause gingival hyperplasia?

Among them 71.1% were taking calcium channel blocker, 21.5% were taking ACE Inhibitors, and 7.4% were taking beta-blockers. Conclusions: Patients taking antihypertensive agents are at increased risk for gingival enlargement and inflammation is an important cofactor for the expression of this effect.

Why do calcium channel blockers cause gingival hyperplasia?

The calcium antagonist induces blockage of the aldosterone synthesis in zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex since this pathway is calcium-dependent, cyclic nucleotide-independent. This may produce a feedback stimulation of an increase in pituitary secretion of ACTH which affects zona glomerulosa hyperplasia.

Why does phenytoin cause gingival hyperplasia?

Phenytoin has been shown to induce gingival overgrowth by its interaction with a subpopulation of sensitive fibroblasts. Cyclosporine has been suggested to affect the metabolic function of fibroblast (eg, collagen synthesis, breakdown).

How is drug-induced gingival hyperplasia treated?

The most effective treatment of drug-related gingival enlargement is withdrawal or substitution of medication. When this treatment approach is taken, it may take from 1 to 8 weeks for resolution of gingival lesions.

Why does cyclosporine cause gingival hyperplasia?

Conclusion: Data collected demonstrate that cyclosporine inhibits the secretion of matrix proteases, contributing to the accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the gingival connective tissue, causing gingival overgrowth.

Does valproic acid cause gingival hyperplasia?

Phenytoin and valproic acid have historically been known to cause gingival overgrowth in epileptic patients.

Does amlodipine cause gum hypertrophy?

Amlodipine is a second-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that can cause gingival hypertrophy. The prevalence of amlodipine-induced gingival hypertrophy has been shown to be between 1.7% and 3.3%.

Can antibiotics cause gingival hyperplasia?

Some frequently used medications, in particular antihypertensives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and even antibiotics, can lead to overgrowth of the gingiva and to the multiple unwanted conditions, namely: Lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, mucositis, oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris and more.

How does nifedipine cause gingival hyperplasia?

[2] Various factors were attributed for the overgrowth of gingiva in nifedipine-induced hyperplasia, which include high plaque index (poor oral hygiene), high dose of the drug, genetic factors, individual susceptibility, and interaction between drugs and metabolites with the fibroblasts of gingiva.

Does metoprolol cause gingival hyperplasia?

The frequency of GO was significantly higher in nifedipine-treated cases than other drug groups. Frequency of GO was 75% for nifedipine, 31.4% for amlodipine and 25% for amlodipine + metoprolol. Higher gingival, plaque and calculus were observed in patients taking calcium channel blockers.

Does methotrexate cause gingival hyperplasia?

Methotrexate is an immunosupressive medication frequently used in the treatment of advanced RA. It does not induce gingival overgrowth but it does produce a high incidence of oral ulceration.

Does gabapentin cause gingival hyperplasia?

The overexpression of these cytokines, obtained in many studies, leads us to think that gabapentin can interact and cause post-inflammatory gingival hyperplasia, but, probably, in our study the gabapentin has not the same effect, because we used gingival fibroblasts of healthy people.

Does carbamazepine cause gingival hyperplasia?

Gingival hyperplasia was very common in patients taking PHT (16%-94% of patients). Alveolar bone loss occurred in patients taking carbamazepine or PHT. Patients taking valproate, carbamazepine or phenobarbital also had gingival hyperplasia.

Does diltiazem cause gingival hyperplasia?

A small study of 89 patients undertaken at the Westside Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago seems to indicate that nifedipine and diltiazem do indeed cause gingival hyperplasia.

How does amlodipine affect gums?

Amlodipine is prescribed over 70 million times a year in the United States. Gingival overgrowth is an underappreciated side effect of amlodipine and is more common in patients with poor dental hygiene. Unchecked, gingival overgrowth can lead to pain, tooth loss, financial hardship, and psychosocial suffering.

What drug is a calcium channel blocker?

Examples of calcium channel blockers include: Amlodipine (Norvasc) Bepridil (Vascor) Diltiazem (Cardizem, Cardizem CD, Cardizem SR, Dilacor XR, Diltia XT, Tiazac)

Does HCTZ cause gingival hyperplasia?

Probably, the ability of hydrochlorothiazide to eliminate sodium and water has an anti-hypertrophic effect even at the peripheral cellular level. Gingival overgrowth seems to be a collateral effect that accompanies these medications.

Does propranolol cause gingival enlargement?

The research facts about propranolol give us a fair description about the drug pharmacology and terms it as a safe drug used for the cardiovascular treatment and chronic migraine. Hence, propranolol stands safe as it has got a very low prevalence rate to cause the gingival enlargement but not as a serious threat.

Does verapamil cause gingival hyperplasia?

Twenty-four dentate patients who received verapamil for more than 1 year were identified. Of these, gingival hyperplasia occurred in 1 patient (4.1%) that was limited to the mandibular attached gingiva. Onset of gingival overgrowth was associated with drug dosage, bacterial accumulation, and gingival inflammation.